Shiro Satsuma

Shiro Satsuma (白薩摩) ware, distinguished by its translucent ivory glaze, intricate hand-painted designs, and gilded detailing. Originally crafted for the Japanese aristocracy, pieces like this exemplify the refined aesthetic of late Edo to early Meiji period ceramics.

Shiro Satsuma (白薩摩, "White Satsuma") waxaa loola jeedaa nooca aadka loo sifeeyay ee dhoobada Japan ee ka soo jeeda Satsuma Domain (Kagoshima-ka casriga ah). Waxaa lagu yaqaan dhaldhalaalka midabka maroodi-maroodiga ah, qurxinta dhaldhalaalka polychrome-ka adag, iyo qaababka dillaacsan ee gaarka ah (kannyū'). Shiro Satsuma waa mid ka mid ah noocyada aadka loo qadariyo ee ceramics-ka Japan wuxuuna caan ka helay Galbeedka xilligii Meiji (1868-1912).

Taariikhda

Asalka Shiro Satsuma waxay dib u soo laabanayaan horraantii qarnigii 17aad, markii dheriyayaal Kuuriya ay keeneen koonfurta Kyushu qabiilka Shimazu ka dib duulaankii Japan ee Kuuriya (1592-1598). Dherya-sameeyayaashani waxay ka dhiseen qolal gudaha Satsuma Domain, iyagoo soo saaraya alaabooyin dhoobo ah oo kala duwan.

Muddo ka dib, saddex qaybood oo waaweyn oo Satsuma ware ah ayaa soo baxay:

• Kuro Satsuma' (黒薩摩, "Black Satsuma"): Qalab dhagax ah oo rustic ah oo midab madow leh oo laga sameeyay dhoobo qani ku ah birta. Alaabtani waxay ahaayeen kuwo dhumuc weyn, adag, waxaana loo isticmaali jiray ujeeddooyin maalin kasta ah ama maxalli ah.
• Shiro Satsuma (白薩摩, "White Satsuma"): Waxaa laga sameeyay dhoobo cad oo la safeeyey oo lagu daboolay glaze fool-maroodi ah oo hufan oo leh dillaac wanaagsan (kannyū'). Qaybahan waxaa loo soo saaray fasalka samurai ee xukunka haya iyo aristocracy waxayna badanaa lahaayeen naqshado qurux badan, oo aan la sheegin.
• Dhoofinta Satsuma (輸出薩摩): Kobcinta dambe ee Shiro Satsuma, oo si gaar ah loogu abuuray suuqyada caalamiga ah xilliyadii Edo iyo Meiji dabayaaqadii. Alaabtani waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad loo qurxiyey, oo si cufan loogu rinjiyeeyay dahab iyo dhaldhalaalka midabaysan, waxaana lagu soo bandhigay muuqaalo qalaad ama sheeko sheeko ah oo soo jiidanaya dhadhanka reer galbeedka.

Astaamaha

"Shiro Satsuma" waxaa lagu xusay:

• Dhaldhalaalka togan ee fool-maroodi: Dusha diirran, kareem leh oo hufnaan daahsoon leh.
• Kannyū (crackle glaze)': Muuqaalka astaanta ah ee ka kooban shabakad ula kac ah oo dildilaaca dusha sare ah.

Qurxinta 'Polychrome overglaze decoration: Caadi ahaan waxaa ka mid ah dahab, casaan, cagaar, iyo dhaldhalaalka buluugga ah.

• Motifs':
• Naago gob ah iyo garyaqaano
• Shakhsiyaadka diinta (tusaale, Kannon)
• Dabeecadda (Ubax, Shimbir, muuqaal)
• Muuqaallo khuraafaad iyo taariikheed (gaar ahaan Dhoofinta Satsuma)

Farsamooyinka

Habka wax soo saarka waxa ku jira:

1. U qaabaynta weelka dhoobo la safeeyey.
2. Biskud-garaaca gabalka si uu u adkeeyo.
3. Marso dhaldhalaalka maroodi-maroodiga oo marlabaad rasaasta.
4. Ku qurxinta dhaldhalaalka iyo dahabka.
5. Rasaas badan oo heerkul hoose ah si loogu dhejiyo lakabka qurxinta lakabka.

Qayb kasta waxay qaadan kartaa toddobaadyo in la dhammaystiro, gaar ahaan Dhoofinta Satsuma oo tifaftiran.

Waagii Dhoofinta iyo Magaca Caalamiga ah

Intii lagu jiray xilligii Meiji, Shiro Satsuma waxa uu sameeyay isbeddel looga dan leeyahay in lagu qanciyo xiisaha reer galbeedka ee farshaxanka Jabbaan. Tani waxay kicisay nooc-hoosaadka loo yaqaan Dhoofinta Satsuma , kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay bandhigyada adduunka, oo ay ku jiraan:

• 1867 Bandhiga Universelle ee Paris
• 1873 Bandhiga Caalamiga ah ee Vienna
• Bandhiga qarniga 1876 ee Philadelphia

Tani waxay keentay caannimada caalamiga ah ee Satsuma ware. Fannaaniinta iyo istuudiyayaasha waayaha dhoofinta ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah:

Yabu Meizan (Yabe Yoneyama)

• Kinkōzan (Kinkōzan)
• Chin Jukan kilns (Sarkaalka Nolosha Quuska)

Dulucda Casriga ah

Inkasta oo wax soo saarka Shiro Satsuma ee dhaqanka uu hoos u dhacay, haddana waxay calaamad u tahay heerka sare ee dhoobada Japan. Antique Shiro iyo Dhoofinta qaybaha Satsuma ayaa hadda si aad ah ay u raadiyaan kuwa wax aruuriya iyo madxafyada. Kagoshima, dherya-sameeyaha qaarkood waxay sii wadaan inay ilaashadaan oo dib u tarjumaan dhaqanka Satsuma-yaki (薩摩焼).

Noocyada Satsuma Ware

Nooca	Sharaxaada	Isticmaalka la damacsan yahay
Kuro Satsuma	Madow, maro dhagax ah oo rustic ah oo laga sameeyay dhoobada deegaanka	Maalin kasta, isticmaalka faa'iidada leh ee gudaha domainka
Shiro Satsuma	Alaab-maroodi-glazed xarrago leh oo leh dildilaac iyo qurxin fiican	Waxaa isticmaala daimyo iyo gobnimo; ujeeddooyin xafladeed iyo bandhig
Dhoofinta Satsuma	Alaabooyin si qurux badan loo qurxiyey oo loogu talagalay kuwa reer galbeedka ah ee wax urursada; isticmaalka culus ee dahabka iyo sawirada muuqda	Farshaxanka qurxinta ee suuqyada dhoofinta (Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika)

Sidoo kale eeg

• Kuro Satsuma
• Satsuma ware
• Japanese ceramics
• Meiji period export art
• Chin Jukan kiln

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