Shiro Satsuma
Shiro Satsuma (白薩摩, "White Satsuma") yana nufin wani nau'in tukwane na Jafananci mai ladabi wanda ya samo asali daga Satsuma Domain (Kagoshima Prefecture na yau). An san shi don ƙyalli mai launin hauren giwa, ƙayataccen kayan ado na enamel na polychrome, da keɓaɓɓen ƙirar ƙira (kannyū'). Shiro Satsuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman nau'ikan yumbu na Jafananci kuma ya sami suna musamman a Yamma a lokacin Meiji (1868-1912).
Tarihi
Asalin Shiro Satsuma ya samo asali ne tun farkon karni na 17, lokacin da dangin Shimazu suka kawo tukwane na Koriya zuwa kudancin Kyushu bayan mamayar Japan na Koriya (1592-1598). Waɗannan tukwane sun kafa kilns a cikin Satsuma Domain, suna samar da kayan yumbu iri-iri.
Bayan lokaci, manyan nau'ikan Satsuma ware guda uku sun fito:
- Kuro Satsuma (黒薩摩, "Black Satsuma"): Rustic, dutse mai duhu-toned da aka yi daga yumbu mai arzikin ƙarfe. Waɗannan kayayyakin sun kasance masu kauri, masu ƙarfi, kuma ana amfani dasu da farko don amfanin yau da kullun ko na gida.
- Shiro Satsuma (白薩摩, "White Satsuma"): An yi shi daga yumbu mai laushi mai laushi kuma an rufe shi da gilashin hauren giwa mai haske wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan crackle (kannyū'). An samar da waɗannan sassa don ajin samurai mai mulki da aristocracy kuma galibi suna da kyawawan ƙira, waɗanda ba a bayyana su ba.
- 'Fitar da Satsuma (輸出薩摩): Juyin Halittar Shiro Satsuma daga baya, wanda aka ƙirƙira musamman don kasuwannin duniya a lokacin ƙarshen Edo da Meiji. Waɗannan abubuwa an yi ado sosai, an yi musu fentin zinari da enamels masu launi, kuma sun fito da al'amuran ban mamaki ko na ba da labari don jan hankalin ƙasashen yamma.
Halaye
Shiro Satsuma an lura da shi don ta:
- Ivory-toned glaze: Dumi mai ɗumi, ƙasa mai laushi tare da bayyana gaskiya.
- Kannyū (crackle glaze)': Alamar alama wacce ta ƙunshi hanyar sadarwa na niyya na fashe fashe.
- Polychrome overglaze ado': Yawanci ya haɗa da gwal, ja, kore, da enamels.
- Motifs':
- Mata masu daraja da fadawa
- Malaman addini (misali Kannon)
- yanayi (furanni, tsuntsaye, shimfidar wurare)
- Al'amuran almara da tarihi (musamman a cikin Fitar da Satsuma)
Hanyoyi
Tsarin samarwa ya ƙunshi:
- Siffata jirgin ruwa daga laka mai ladabi.
- Biski-harbe guntun don taurare shi.
- Shafa giwar giwa da sake harbi.
- Ado tare da overglaze enamels da zinariya.
- Harsashi masu ƙarancin zafin jiki da yawa don haɗa Layer ɗin ado ta Layer.
Kowane yanki na iya ɗaukar makonni don kammalawa, musamman cikakkun cikakkun bayanai na Fitar da Satsuma.
Zamanin Fitowa Da Sunan Duniya
A lokacin Meiji, Shiro Satsuma ya sami canji da nufin gamsar da sha'awar Yammacin Turai game da fasahar Japan. Wannan ya haifar da tsarin da aka fi sani da Export Satsuma , wanda aka nuna a baje-kolin duniya, gami da:
- 1867 Exposition Universelle a Paris
- 1873 Vienna Baje kolin Duniya
- 1876 Centennial Exposition a Philadelphia
Wannan ya haifar da shaharar Satsuma ware a duniya. Fitattun masu fasahar zamani da situdiyo sun haɗa da:
- Yabu Meizan (Yabe Yoneyama)
- Kinkozan (Kinkozan)
- Chin Jukan kilns (Sink Life Officer)
Maganar Zamani
Kodayake samar da Shiro Satsuma na gargajiya ya ragu, ya kasance alama ce ta kyakkyawar yumbu na Japan. Shiro na tsoho da Fitar da Satsuma yanzu ana nema sosai daga masu tarawa da gidajen tarihi. A Kagoshima, wasu masu tukwane suna ci gaba da adanawa da sake fassara al'adar Satsuma-yaki (薩摩焼).
Nau'in Satsuma Ware
| Nau'in | Bayani | Amfani da Niyya |
|---|---|---|
| Kuro Satsuma | Duffai, kayan ƙera dutse da aka yi daga yumbu na gida | Kullum, amfani mai amfani a cikin yankin |
| Shiro Satsuma | Kyawawan kayan kwalliyar hauren giwa mai ƙyalli mai ƙyalli mai ƙyalli da ƙaya mai kyau | Ana amfani da daimyo da daraja; dalilai na biki da nuni |
| Fitar da Satsuma | Kayayyakin ƙawance masu ƙayatarwa da nufin masu tarawa na Yamma; yin amfani da zinare mai nauyi da hotuna masu haske | Fasaha na ado don kasuwannin fitarwa (Turai da Arewacin Amurka) |
Duba kuma
Audio
| Language | Audio |
|---|---|
| English |
