Arita Ware
Dubawa
'Arita ware (有田焼, Arita-yaki) wani salo ne na sha'anin farantin Jafananci wanda ya samo asali a farkon karni na 17 a garin Arita, wanda ke lardin Saga a tsibirin Kyushu. Sanannen kyawun kyawun sa, zane mai laushi, da kuma tasirin duniya, Arita ware ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin farantin farantin da Japan ta fitar kuma ta taimaka wajen tsara hasashen Turai game da yumbu na Gabashin Asiya.
Yana siffanta shi da:
- Farin ain tushe
- Zane mai launin shuɗi na Cobalt
- Daga baya, enamel mai launuka iri-iri (style aka-e da kinrande)
Tarihi
Asalin Farkon 1600
Labarin Arita ware ya fara ne tare da gano kaolin, wani muhimmin sashi na ain, kusa da Arita a kusa da 1616. An ce ma'aikacin Koriya ta Koriya "' Yi Sam-pyeong" (wanda aka fi sani da Kanagae Sanbei), wanda aka lasafta shi da kafa masana'antar sinadarai na Japan bayan hijirar tilastawa na Japan na 2 (19 Korea) .
Zaman Edo: Tashi zuwa Fitowa
A tsakiyar karni na 17, Arita ware ya kafa kansa a matsayin kayan alatu a cikin gida da waje. Ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa na Imari, Kamfanin Dutch East India Company (VOC) ya fitar da shi zuwa Turai, inda ya yi gogayya da atanin kasar Sin kuma ya yi tasiri sosai kan tukwane na yammacin Turai.
Lokacin Meiji da Zamani na Zamani
Ma'aikatan tukwane Arita sun dace da canza kasuwanni, sun haɗa da dabaru da salo na Yamma a lokacin Meiji. A yau, Arita ta kasance cibiyar samar da ingantattun sinadarai, tana haɗa hanyoyin gargajiya tare da sabbin abubuwa na zamani.
Halayen Arita Ware
Kayayyaki
- Kaolin yumbu daga dutsen Izumiyama
- Mai zafi a yanayin zafi a kusa da 1300 ° C
- Jiki mai ɗorewa, vitrified ain
Dabarun Ado
| Dabaru | Bayani |
|---|---|
| Ƙarƙashin Gilashin Blue (Sometsuke) | Fentin da cobalt blue kafin glazing da harbe-harbe. |
| Overglaze Enamels (Aka-e) | Aiwatar bayan harbin farko; ya haɗa da jajayen ja, kore, da zinariya. |
| Salon Kinrande | Yana haɗa ganyen gwal da ƙayataccen ƙaya. |
Motifs da Jigogi
Na'urorin ƙira sun haɗa da:
- yanayi: peonies, cranes, plum blossoms
- Filayen al'adun gargajiya da adabi
- Tsarin Geometric da Larabci
- Yanayin shimfidar yanayi irin na kasar Sin (a lokacin farkon fitarwa)
Tsarin samarwa
- Kaolin, an murƙushe shi, kuma ana tace shi don samar da jikin ainun mai aiki.
- Masu sana'a suna yin tasoshin ruwa ta amfani da jifa ko gyare-gyare, ya danganta da rikitarwa da siffa.
- Ana busasshen yanki ana harba su don taurare sigar ba tare da kyalli ba.
- Ana amfani da zane-zanen ƙarƙashin glaze tare da cobalt oxide. Bayan glazing, wani babban zafin wuta na biyu yana haɓaka ain.
- Don nau'ikan launuka masu yawa, ana ƙara fentin enamel kuma ana sake harba su a ƙananan zafin jiki (~ 800 ° C).
Muhimmancin Al'adu
Arita ware yana wakiltar farkon farantin Jafananci azaman fasaha da masana'antu. Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, Ciniki da Masana'antu (METI) ta ayyana shi Traditional Craft of Japan . Sana'ar ta sami karɓuwa ta UNESCO a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen al'adun gargajiya na Japan marasa ma'ana. Yana ci gaba da rinjayar fasahar yumbu na zamani da ƙirar tebur a duk duniya.
Arita Ware Yau
Masu fasahar Arita na zamani sukan haɗa tsoffin fasahohin ƙarni tare da ƙarancin ƙayatarwa na zamani. Garin Arita yana karbar bakuncin 'Arita Ceramic Fair kowane bazara, yana jan hankalin baƙi sama da miliyan. Gidajen tarihi kamar Kyushu Ceramic Museum da Arita Porcelain Park suna kiyayewa da haɓaka al'adun gargajiya.
Nassoshi
- “Arita ware,” *Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia*, accessed 07.08.2025, article version as of mid‑2025.
- Impey, Oliver R. “Arita ware” in *Japanese Art from the Gerry Collection in The Metropolitan Museum of Art*, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989.
- “Hizen Porcelain Kiln Sites,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
- “Imari ware,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
- “Kakiemon,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
Audio
| Language | Audio |
|---|---|
| English |
