Arita Ware

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A fine example of early Arita ware, showcasing the crisp cobalt blue brushwork and elegant form that defined Japanese porcelain in the 17th–18th centuries.

概述

有田烧(Arita-yaki)是日本著名的瓷器风格,起源于17世纪初九州岛佐贺县的有田町。有田烧以其精致的美感、精美的彩绘和全球影响力而闻名,是日本最早出口的瓷器之一,并影响了欧洲人对东亚陶瓷的认知。

其特点是:

  • 白瓷底座
  • 钴蓝釉下彩画
  • 后来出现了多色珐琅彩釉(“aka-e”和“kinrande”风格)

历史

起源于十七世纪初

有田烧的故事始于1616年左右,当时人们在有田附近发现了高岭土,这种材料是瓷器的关键成分。据说,这种工艺是由韩国陶艺家李三平(又名金永三兵卫)引入的。李三平在日本侵略朝鲜(1592-1598年)期间被迫移居日本,并创立了日本的瓷器业。

江户时代:崛起

到17世纪中叶,有田烧已成为国内外的奢侈品。它通过伊万里港,由荷兰东印度公司(VOC)出口到欧洲,与中国瓷器展开竞争,并对西方陶瓷产生了巨大影响。

明治时代与现代

明治时代,有田陶艺家顺应市场变化,融入西方技艺和风格。如今,有田仍然是精致瓷器的生产中心,将传统技艺与现代创新融为一体。

有田烧的特征

材料

  1. Kaolin is mined, crushed, and refined to produce a workable porcelain body.
  2. Craftsmen form vessels using hand-throwing or molds, depending on the complexity and shape.
  3. Pieces are dried and fired to harden the form without glaze.
  4. Underglaze designs are applied with cobalt oxide. After glazing, a second high-temperature firing vitrifies the porcelain.
  5. For multicolored versions, enamel paints are added and fired again at lower temperatures (~800°C).
  • 泉山采石场产的高岭土
  • 约 1300°C 高温烧制

  • 耐用的玻化瓷体
  • “Arita ware,” *Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia*, accessed 07.08.2025, article version as of mid‑2025.
  • Impey, Oliver R. “Arita ware” in *Japanese Art from the Gerry Collection in The Metropolitan Museum of Art*, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989.
  • “Hizen Porcelain Kiln Sites,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
  • “Imari ware,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
  • “Kakiemon,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.

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