Arita Ware
Dulmar
Arita ware (有田焼, Arita-yaki) waa qaab la xuso oo ah boorsada Japan oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda horraantii qarnigii 17aad ee magaalada Arita, oo ku taal Gobolka Saga ee jasiiradda Kyushu. Waxaa lagu yaqaanaa quruxdeeda la safeeyey, rinjiyeynta jilicsan, iyo saamaynta caalamiga ah, Arita ware waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dhoofinta boorsada ugu horreysa ee Japan waxayna gacan ka gaysatay qaabaynta fikradaha Yurub ee dhoobada Bariga Aasiya.
Waxaa lagu gartaa:
- Saldhig suuf cad
- Rinjiyeynta muraayadaha buluuga ah ee Cobalt
- Ka dib, dhaldhalaalka midabo kala duwan leh ayaa soo dul-maray ('aka-eiyokinrande qaababka)
Taariikhda
Asal ahaan horraantii 1600aadkii
Sheekada Arita ware waxay ku bilaabataa helitaanka kaolin, oo ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah foornada, oo u dhow Arita agagaarka 1616. Farshaxanka ayaa la sheegay in uu soo bandhigay dheryasameeyaha Korean Yi Sam-pyeong (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Kanagae Sanbei), kaas oo loo aqoonsaday inuu aasaasay warshadda boorsada Japan ka dib socdaalkiisa qasabka ah ee Japan-19 ee Japan 19.
Muddada Edo: U kac oo caan ah =
Bartamihii qarnigii 17-aad, Arita ware waxay isu dejisay sidii shay qaali ah gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Iyada oo loo marayo dekedda Imari, waxaa Yurub u dhoofiyay Shirkadda Dutch East India Company (VOC), halkaas oo ay kula tartamaysay suufka Shiinaha oo si weyn u saameeyay dhoobada reer galbeedka.
Muddada Meiji iyo Maalinta Casriga ah =
Dheri-sameeyayaasha Arita waxay la qabsadeen isbeddelka suuqyada, iyaga oo ku dara farsamooyinka iyo qaababka reer galbeedka intii lagu jiray xilligii Meiji. Maanta, Arita ayaa weli ah xarunta wax soo saarka dhoobada wanaagsan, isku dhafka hababka dhaqanka iyo hal-abuurka casriga ah.
Astaamaha Arita Ware
Agabka
- dhoobo Kaolin oo laga sameeyay dhagaxa Izumiyama
- Dabool sare oo heerkul ah 1300°C
- Jirka dhoobada ah ee raagaya
Farsamooyinka qurxinta
| Farsamo | Sharaxaada |
|---|---|
| Muraayadaha buluuga ah (Sometsuke) | Lagu rinjiyeeyay buluug cobalt ka hor dhaldhalaalka iyo rasaasta. |
| Dhaldhalaalka glaze (Aka-e) | Codsaday ka dib toogashada koowaad; waxaa ka mid ah casaan firfircoon, cagaar, iyo dahab. |
| Kinrande Style | Waxay ku daraysaa caleen dahab ah iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan. |
Motifs iyo Mawduucyada =
Nashqadaha caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
- Dabeecadda: peonies, wiishash, ubax plum
- Muuqaallada sheeko-xariireedka iyo suugaanta
- Hababka joomatari iyo carabiga
- Muuqaallada qaabka Shiinaha (inta lagu jiro marxaladda dhoofinta hore)
Habka Wax-soo-saarka ==
- Kaolin waa la miiray, la jajabiyey, waana la safeeyey si ay u soo saarto jir dhoobo ah oo shaqayn kara.
- Farsamoyaqaanadu waxay sameeyaan weelal iyagoo isticmaalaya gacan tuur ama caaryaal, taas oo ku xidhan kakanaanta iyo qaabka.
- Qaybaha waa la qalajiyey oo la shiday si ay u adkeeyaan foomka iyada oo aan dhalaal lahayn.
- Naqshadaynta muraayadaha hoostooda waxaa lagu dabaqaa kobalt oxide. Dhaldhalaalka ka dib, xabbad labaad oo heerkul sare ah ayaa kicisa weelka.
- Noocyo midabyo badan leh, rinjiga dhaldhalaalka ayaa lagu daraa oo mar labaad lagu shidaa heerkul hoose (~800°C).
Muhiimada Dhaqanka
Aritaware waxay u taagan tahay bilawga foornada Jabbaan sida farshaxan iyo warshad ahaan. Waxaa loo qoondeeyay Farsamada Dhaqanka ee Japan oo ay siisay Wasaaradda Dhaqaalaha, Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha (METI). Farsamadu waxay haysataa aqoonsiga UNESCO oo qayb ka ah hindisayaasha hidaha dhaqameed ee Japan ee aan la taaban karin. Waxay sii waddaa inay saameyn ku yeelato farshaxanka dhoobada casriga ah iyo naqshadaynta alaabta miiska adduunka oo dhan.
Arita Ware Maanta
Farshaxanada casriga ah ee Arita waxay inta badan ku daraan farsamooyin qarniyo jir ah oo leh bilicda casriga ah ee ugu yar. Magaalada Arita waxay martigelisaa 'Arita Ceramic Fair gu' walba, taasoo soo jiidata in ka badan hal milyan oo qof. Matxafyada sida "Kyushu Ceramic Museum" iyo "Arita Porcelain Park" waxay ilaaliyaan oo kor u qaadaan dhaxalka.
Tixraacyo
- “Arita ware,” *Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia*, accessed 07.08.2025, article version as of mid‑2025.
- Impey, Oliver R. “Arita ware” in *Japanese Art from the Gerry Collection in The Metropolitan Museum of Art*, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989.
- “Hizen Porcelain Kiln Sites,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
- “Imari ware,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
- “Kakiemon,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 07.08.2025.
Audio
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| English |
