Wood firing
Wood firing is a ceramic firing technique in which pottery is fired in a kiln fueled by wood. The method has been used for centuries in many ceramic traditions and played a central role in the historical development of Japanese pottery.
During wood firing, pieces of firewood are continuously added to the kiln to maintain the required temperature. Flames, heat, and ash move through the kiln chamber and interact directly with the ceramic surfaces. As the firing progresses, wood ash carried by the flame can settle on the pottery and melt at high temperatures, forming natural ash glazes and varied surface textures.
Wood firing is typically carried out in traditional kiln types such as the anagama and noborigama kilns. Firing cycles can last from several hours to several days, depending on the kiln size and the desired results. The long firing process requires constant attention from the potter to control temperature and airflow.
The interaction between clay, ash, and flame often produces unpredictable effects, including natural glaze deposits, flashing marks, and variations in color. These characteristics are highly valued in several Japanese ceramic traditions, where the aesthetic appreciation of natural firing effects is closely connected with ideas such as irregularity and natural beauty.
Wood firing has historically been used in many Japanese ceramic centers, including Bizen ware, Shigaraki ware, Iga ware, and Tamba ware. Although modern kilns often use gas or electricity, wood firing continues to be practiced both in traditional workshops and contemporary studio ceramics.
