Sanuki Kanagu
Lead
Sanuki Kanagu (讃岐金具) refers to the tradition of metal fittings and hardware produced in Sanuki Province, corresponding to present-day Kagawa Prefecture, from the Edo period to the modern era. The craft encompasses iron and metal fittings used in architecture, furniture and daily life, reflecting regional building practices and sustained local craftsmanship. Sanuki Kanagu represents a regional metalworking tradition shaped by functional design and artisanal continuity.
Historical Background
Sanuki Province developed as an agricultural and commercial region during the Edo period, supporting the construction of houses, storehouses and religious buildings. Metal fittings were essential components of wooden architecture, leading to steady demand for locally produced kanagu. Artisans in the region produced fittings adapted to local materials and structural needs, serving both rural and urban communities. Following the Meiji Restoration, modernization altered construction methods, but traditional metalworking continued through repair, replacement and specialized production. The craft persisted into the modern era as part of regional architectural heritage.
Materials and Techniques
Sanuki Kanagu is primarily produced from iron, selected for strength and durability. Artisans forged metal fittings such as hinges, handles, brackets and reinforcing elements through heating and hammering. Casting was employed for standardized components or decorative parts when required. Surface treatments focused on corrosion resistance and functional longevity, resulting in stable and unobtrusive finishes.
Stylistic Characteristics
The stylistic character of Sanuki Kanagu is practical and restrained. Forms are simple, well-proportioned and designed for structural function. Ornamentation is minimal, with aesthetic value derived from material presence, clean lines and reliable construction. The overall appearance aligns with the craft’s role as an integral component of everyday architecture.
Regional Schools and Workshops
Sanuki Kanagu developed through local workshops serving regional needs rather than through formal schools. Knowledge transmission occurred through apprenticeship and workshop practice, ensuring continuity of techniques across generations. While individual workshops varied in output, shared functional requirements contributed to a recognizable regional approach.
Cultural and Artistic Significance
Sanuki Kanagu illustrates the role of metal fittings in supporting regional architecture and daily life. The craft provides insight into how local building traditions influenced metalworking practices in Shikoku. As part of Kagawa Prefecture’s material culture, Sanuki Kanagu contributes to a broader understanding of utilitarian craftsmanship in Japan.
Modern Production and Continuity
In the modern period, Sanuki Kanagu continues through restoration work, custom fabrication and limited artisanal production. Traditional forging techniques are preserved through cultural heritage initiatives and continued use in historical building maintenance.
Representative Examples
Representative examples of Sanuki Kanagu include iron architectural fittings used in traditional houses, temples and storehouses in Kagawa Prefecture. Historical examples are preserved in local museums and heritage sites.
References
- Museum catalogues of Shikoku regional crafts
- Studies on Sanuki Province architectural history
- Scholarly publications on Japanese architectural metalwork
- Research on regional metalworking traditions of western Japan
