Raku firing
Raku firing is a ceramic firing technique in which pottery is removed from the kiln while still glowing hot and allowed to cool rapidly in the open air or in combustible materials. The method produces distinctive surface effects and is closely associated with Japanese tea ceremony ceramics.
The technique developed in Japan during the 16th century and became closely linked to the production of tea bowls used in the tea ceremony. Early Raku ware was produced in collaboration with tea master Sen no Rikyū, who favored ceramics that reflected simplicity and natural irregularity.
In the Raku firing process, pottery is typically fired at relatively low temperatures in a small kiln. Once the desired temperature is reached, the pieces are removed from the kiln using metal tongs while still red-hot. Depending on the firing method, the hot pottery may be placed in combustible materials such as sawdust or leaves, which creates reduction effects and surface variations.
Rapid cooling and thermal shock can produce crackled glaze patterns, smoky coloration, and other unpredictable surface textures. Because the firing process is highly responsive to small changes in temperature and atmosphere, each piece often develops unique visual characteristics.
Raku firing is most closely associated with Raku ware, but the technique has also been adopted by contemporary ceramic artists around the world.
