Soma ware

Produced under the patronage of the Sōma clan, this sake bottle exemplifies the hallmarks of Sōma ware: double-walled construction for insulation and the dynamic “running horse” motif, symbolizing vitality and freedom. Valued both locally and across northern Japan, Sōma ware blended practical innovation with symbolic artistry, making it one of the distinctive regional traditions of the Edo period.

Sōma ware (Japanese: 相馬焼, Sōma-yaki) is a type of Japanese pottery traditionally produced in the Sōma region of Fukushima Prefecture. It is a form of stoneware that flourished during the Edo period and is most famous for its distinctive "running horse" (駆け馬, kakeuma) motif and double-walled vessel construction.

History

The production of Sōma ware began in the early Edo period, with kilns established under the patronage of the Sōma clan. Pottery production was closely tied to the needs of the local samurai domain, providing utensils for daily use as well as ceremonial wares.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, Sōma ware became known beyond its local region, especially for its innovative double-walled vessels. The ware was often traded across northern Japan and valued for both practicality and decoration.

Characteristics

Key features of Sōma ware include:

• The "running horse" design, often painted in underglaze iron, symbolizing freedom and vitality
• Double-walled construction (二重焼, nijū-yaki), which provided thermal insulation for hot liquids
• Stoneware body with iron-rich glaze, typically in green, brown, or greyish tones
• Production of tea utensils, sake bottles, bowls, and storage jars

The combination of technical innovation and symbolic decoration made Sōma ware distinctive among Japanese regional ceramics.

Modern Developments

Although traditional Sōma kilns declined after the Meiji period, the craft was revived in the 20th century. Today, Sōma ware continues to be produced in Fukushima Prefecture, often blending traditional motifs with contemporary forms.

The tradition suffered setbacks following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear disaster, but local potters have worked to preserve and revitalize the craft. Modern Sōma ware is recognized as an Important Intangible Cultural Property of the region.

See also

• Japanese ceramics and pottery
• Mashiko ware
• Tea ceremony

References

• Koyama Fujio. Two Thousand Years of Japanese Ceramics. Heibonsha, 1972.
• Fukushima Prefectural Museum of Art: Exhibition catalogues.
• Kyushu Ceramic Museum archives.