柿右衛門焼
柿右衛門（かきえもん）は、日本の磁器の様式の一つで、釉薬をかけた「ホーロー」と呼ばれる装飾が施されています。この様式は酒井田家に起源を持ち、17世紀半ばの江戸時代から肥前国（現在の佐賀県）有田町の窯で生産されていました。その装飾のクオリティは高く評価され、ロココ時代にはヨーロッパの主要な磁器メーカーによって広く模倣されました。
歴史
初代酒井田柿右衛門は、双子の柿（かき）の図案を完成させ、柔らかな赤、黄、青、そしてターコイズグリーンを基調とした独特の色彩を創作したことから、主君から「柿右衛門」の名を賜りました。この色彩は、現在では柿右衛門様式の象徴となっています。初代酒井田柿右衛門は、日本で初めて磁器に色絵を施した陶芸家の一人とされており、この技法は1643年に長崎の中国人職人から学んだと伝えられています。
The style flourished following the disruption of traditional Chinese porcelain exports to Europe due to the fall of the Ming dynasty. Kakiemon porcelain was exported from Japan to Europe via the Dutch East India Company beginning in the 1650s. The style was quickly copied by new European porcelain factories in the 18th century, including Meissen in Germany, Chantilly in France, and Chelsea in England. By about 1760, the Kakiemon style had largely fallen out of fashion in Europe.
Characteristics
Kakiemon ware is a sub-type of the broader Arita ware and is known for its high-quality, delicate, and asymmetric designs. These designs were sparsely applied to emphasize the fine, milky-white porcelain background, known in Japan as nigoshide. The body of the porcelain often featured octagonal, hexagonal, or square shapes.
Characteristic colors of the Kakiemon palette are iron red, light blue, bluish green, and yellow, sometimes with a little gilding. Common decorative themes include:
- The "Quail and Millet" design: Featuring sprigs of foliage and small quails.
- The "Three Friends of Winter": Designs of pine, plum, and bamboo.
- The "Hob in the Well": Illustrating a popular Chinese folk tale.
- Birds and flying squirrels
- Flowers, especially the chrysanthemum.
Kakiemon pieces can be found in a number of museum collections around the world. The style is still produced by the Sakaida family and other artisans today.
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