柿右卫门烧
柿右卫门（日语：柿右卫门，Kakiemon yōshiki）是日本瓷器的一种风格，其釉上装饰被称为“珐琅彩”。这种风格起源于酒井田家族，自17世纪中叶江户时代起在日本肥前国（今佐贺县）有田町的窑炉中制作。其装饰品质备受推崇，并在洛可可时期被欧洲主要瓷器制造商广泛模仿。
History
The name "Kakiemon" was bestowed upon Sakaida Kakiemon I by his lord after he perfected a design of twin persimmons (kaki), and developed a distinctive palette of soft red, yellow, blue, and turquoise green that is now associated with the Kakiemon style. Sakaida Kakiemon I is credited with being one of the first in Japan to use overglaze enamel decoration on porcelain, a technique he is said to have learned from a Chinese artisan in Nagasaki in 1643.
The style flourished following the disruption of traditional Chinese porcelain exports to Europe due to the fall of the Ming dynasty. Kakiemon porcelain was exported from Japan to Europe via the Dutch East India Company beginning in the 1650s. The style was quickly copied by new European porcelain factories in the 18th century, including Meissen in Germany, Chantilly in France, and Chelsea in England. By about 1760, the Kakiemon style had largely fallen out of fashion in Europe.
Characteristics
Kakiemon ware is a sub-type of the broader Arita ware and is known for its high-quality, delicate, and asymmetric designs. These designs were sparsely applied to emphasize the fine, milky-white porcelain background, known in Japan as nigoshide. The body of the porcelain often featured octagonal, hexagonal, or square shapes.
Characteristic colors of the Kakiemon palette are iron red, light blue, bluish green, and yellow, sometimes with a little gilding. Common decorative themes include:
- The "Quail and Millet" design: Featuring sprigs of foliage and small quails.
- The "Three Friends of Winter": Designs of pine, plum, and bamboo.
- The "Hob in the Well": Illustrating a popular Chinese folk tale.
- Birds and flying squirrels
- Flowers, especially the chrysanthemum.
Kakiemon pieces can be found in a number of museum collections around the world. The style is still produced by the Sakaida family and other artisans today.
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